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Depression includes not only sad mood, but also numerous cognitive, behavioral, physical, and emotional symptoms. When these symptoms are severe, chronic, or occur repeatedly, they may interfere with personal relationships or work.Â
Depression affects individuals in multifaceted ways, influencing their thoughts, actions, and even physical well-being. It is not merely a fleeting feeling of sadness but a complex mental health condition shaped by a combination of biological, psychological, and social factors. The symptoms experienced in depression are like those of anxiety. Anxiety frequently coexists with depression, and both conditions may originate from the same underlying issue.
Cognitive symptoms of depression include self-criticism, hopelessness, suicidal thoughts, concentration difficulties, and overall negativity.
Behavioral changes associated with depression include withdrawal from other people, not doing as many activities that are enjoyable or pleasurable, and having trouble getting started with activities.
Physical symptoms associated with depression include insomnia, sleeping more than usual, being tired, eating less or more, and weight changes.
Emotional symptoms that accompany depression include feelings of sadness, irritability, anger, guilt, and nervousness.
While it may be true that problems with sleep, appetite, motivation, or anger are separate issues, some of these symptoms are also characteristic of depression. Therefore, successful treatment of depression results in improvement in all the associated symptoms. The treatment approaches that have been shown to be effective in reducing depression are cognitive restructuring, improving interpersonal relationships, and activity scheduling. If there is intense or long-lasting depression, or it involves physiological symptoms such as disruption in sleep, fatigue, or loss of appetite, it may be necessary to consult with a psychiatrist or other physician who can evaluate whether medication might be helpful.
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